uid=BNZ,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read knb-lter-bnz.66.10 John Yarie Professor of Silviculture

Forest Soils Laboratory; Department of Forest Sciences; SNRAS; University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99775-7200 United States

(907) 474-5650 (907) 474-6184 jayarie@alaska.edu Bonanza Creek LTER Data Manager

Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 756780 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA

907-474-6364 907-474-6251 jpdowning@alaska.edu http://www.lter.uaf.edu Lola K. Oliver Laboratory Supervisor, Forest Soils Lab

Forest Soils Laboratory University of Alaska Fairbanks O'Neill Bldg Fairbanks AK 99775-7200 United States

(907) 474-7114 (907) 474-6184 Associated investigator Matthew Robertson

UAF Forest Soils Lab Fairbanks Alaska 99775 United States

(907) 474-7114 Associated investigator 2005-11-02 Isotope values for oxygen and hydrogen in waters provide information as to the source of the water, the climate at the time of collection, and the geographical location of the water source. Climate variations may be indicated in changes in the relationship between deuterium and 18O over an extended period. The sources and proportions of sources of ground water can be determined by isotope analysis. Rain, well and river waters were analyzed for ?18O and ?D values from LTER and LTTG sites in 2002, and LTER1, LTER2, UP2, and FP3 sites from 2003 on. Deuterium values were not replicable until the latter part of the 2005 field season and so were not reported until August, 2005. isotope water chemistry precipitation climate Biogeochemistry

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http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data_detail.cfm?datafile_pkey=66 Site information unavailable -148.4329376 -146.826004 64.8882141 64.67834557 2002-06-09 2006-09-09

Ongoing

Bonanza Creek LTER Data Manager

Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 756780 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA

907-474-6364 907-474-6251 jpdowning@alaska.edu http://www.lter.uaf.edu Bonanza Creek LTER

Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 756780 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA

907-474-6364 907-474-6251 Bonanza Creek LTER

Field methods: Weekly water isotope data collection began the summer of 2002. River water samples were taken upstream from the landing area at each site where river water was collected. Well water was collected when available. Wells were not emptied between collections. Rainwater was collected by funneling rain into 125ml plastic bottles that had a layer of mineral oil added to the bottom to prevent evaporation of rainwater collected. The collectors were placed next to the rain gauges in the field. Well and river samples were poured into 5 ml screw-cap glass vials for transport to the laboratory. The vials were filled to capacity to reduce evaporation. In 2003 the rainwater collection method was changed from mineral oil layered bottles under a funnel to a funnel draining into a colostomy bag. The colostomy bag had a valve that prevented air entry while allowing water to flow into the bag. Each week water was collected in a screw-top 5ml vial, and the colostomy bag was emptied completely via a stopcock at the bottom. Also in 2003, the number of collection sites was reduced to only LTER1, LTER2, the three UP2 sites, and the three FP3 sites. Water collection methods and output did not change after 2003. Lab methods: Samples were stored at 5oC until analysis, which usually occurred within a week. In 2002, prior to analysis, rainwater samples were placed into stoppered separatory funnels and allowed to settle overnight before drawing off the water from the mineral oil. Immediately after the rainwater was drawn off, all collected samples were prepared for analysis. After 2002, this separation was no longer necessary. Three each 0.5ml replicates were pipetted into 10ml exetainers for each collected sample. A glass insert with about 4mg of 5% platinum in alumina was added to each exetainer, and the exetainer was sealed with a septa lined cap that allowed for syringe sampling through a hole in the cap. Water collection methods and output in 2004 and later was the same as in 2003. Processing procedures: The standard VSMOW-SLAP factor correction for stretching-shrinking the isotopic scale was applied to all data to accommodate for under- and overestimating isotopic ratios clustered at either end of the isotopic scale.

Weekly water isotope data collection began the summer of 2002. River water samples were taken upstream from the landing area at each site where river water was collected. Well water was collected when available. Wells were not emptied between collections. Rainwater was collected by funneling rain into 125ml plastic bottles that had a layer of mineral oil added to the bottom to prevent evaporation of rainwater collected. The collectors were placed next to the rain gauges in the field. Well and river samples were poured into 5 ml screw-cap glass vials for transport to the laboratory. The vials were filled to capacity to reduce evaporation. Samples were stored at 5oC until analysis, which usually occurred within a week. Prior to analysis, rainwater samples were placed into stoppered separatory funnels and allowed to settle overnight before drawing off the water from the mineral oil. Immediately after the rainwater was drawn off, all collected samples were prepared for analysis. Three each 0.5ml replicates were pipetted into 10ml exetainers for each collected sample. A glass insert with about 4mg of 5% platinum in alumina was added to each exetainer, and the exetainer was sealed with a septa lined cap that allowed for syringe sampling through a hole in the cap. Standards that had been calibrated against NIST VSMOW, GISP and SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water, Greenland Ice Sheet Precipitation and Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation, respectively) water standards were used for instrument calibration and internal standards. The samples were run on a GEOS 20-20 Europa Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer using a Gilson autosampler. The equilibration method for oxygen and hydrogen waters was used for analysis. Oxygen isotope replicates that were within ±0.3 units were averaged for reporting. A replicate outside the 0.3 limit was extremely rare for oxygen. Deuterium replicates were expected to be within ±6.0 units, but failed to replicate in 2002 and so were not reported. In 2003 the rainwater collection method was changed from mineral oil layered bottles under a funnel to a funnel draining into a colostomy bag. The colostomy bag had a valve that prevented air entry while allowing water to flow into the bag. Each week water was collected in a screw-top 5ml vial, and the colostomy bag was emptied completely via a stopcock at the bottom. Also in 2003, the number of collection sites was reduced to only LTER1, LTER2, the three UP2 sites, and the three FP3 sites. In 2003, the deuterium replicate still did not come within ±6.0 of each other and so were not reported. Water collection methods and output in 2004 was the same as in 2003. In 2005, the deuterium analysis method was refined, and at the end of the season data replication was generally with ±3.0 units, well within expected parameters, so the data was reported.

geoReference 2002-06-09 2006-09-09

Collections of water samples take place weekly during the summer field season (May through September). Laboratory analysis is performed as soon as possible after sample collection.

66_isotope_data_bnz_2002_2006.txt 66_isotope_data_bnz_2002_2006.txt 11 \n \n column , http://metacat.lternet.edu/das/dataAccessServlet?docid=knb-lter-bnz..&urlTail=/ascii/files/66_isotope_data_bnz_2002_2006.txt Date Date Date of Sample string yyyymmdd Source Source Source of water that was sampled: Rain, Wells , Rivers String Source of water that was sampled: Rain, Wells , Rivers Site Site Site ID String Site ID d SMOW 18O d SMOW 18O d SMOW 18O float isotope real d SMOW D d SMOW D d SMOW D float isotope real